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Capital : Beijing
Language : Standard Chinese
Currency : Yuan
Population : 1 379 900 000
Area : 9 572 900 km2
1. 3.8% of fatal accidents were caused by people under the influence of alcohol.
2. Over 250 138 000 motor vehicles are registered in this country (182 vehicles per 1,000 inhabitants).
3. In China, people don’t use GPS only with BeiDou.
4. Chinese scientists using the Internet and a robot carried out a successful fracture surgery on a patient located 3700 km away.
5. The Chinese plan to put a special mirror in orbit in 2020, which by reflecting sunlight will illuminate an area of 10 to 80 diameter. The light is to be 8 times brighter than the moonlight.
6. There are already 10 buildings in China over 400 meters high.
7. A building with a planned height of 729 meters (137 floors) is being built in Suzhou. It is to be completed in 2020.
8. There are currently 135 “skyscrapers” in Shanghai (buildings over 150 meters high).
9. There are 21 cities in China where a minimum of 10 skyscrapers were built.
10. The world-famous ketchup was used in China to marinate fish. It was called “ke-tsiap”.
11. Chinese can download music for free via Google.
12. Hymen reconstruction surgery costs $ 700.
13. The national top-level domain is .cn . There are over 5,709,200 websites with this extension.
14. The most popular pages with the extension .cn are: sina.com.cn, 360.cn and pconline.com.cn.
15. Chinese scientists have carried out an experiment involving the quantum entanglement of two protons. It was a success.
16. In China, almost no chocolate is eaten.
17. The Chinese want to create cheap space flights. The first vehicle adapted for this is to start in 2020.
18. 20% of new Chinese buses are electric.
19. Doctors from the Sun Yat-sen University conducted the world’s first so-called chemical surgery on human embryos.
20. Chinese police often patrol the streets with geese instead of dogs.
21. A museum known in China in Hebei Province was closed in 2013 because it was discovered that most of the exhibits placed in it were fakes.
22. In this country there are over 4,460,000 km of paved roads including over 111,950 km of expressways (6.94% of all roads in the world).
23. The country has 507 airports, 463 with a paved surface.
24. There are as many as 6 airports in China that serve over 35 million people annually.
25. In this country there are over 86,000 km of railway tracks.
26. There are subway lines in 24 Chinese cities.
27. Chinese army rebuilt old tanks into remote controlled.
28. A Chinese company that owns, among others Volvo bought the startup Terrafugia, which produces flying cars. The first models are expected to appear in 2019.
29. The bread has a sweet taste.
30. Beer has cheap, tasty, but also weak (maximum 4%).
31. Public toilets are usually clean and free.
32. It’s easy to find a cheap apartment to rent. For a 3-room room, a reasonable price is around PLN 1,200 per month.
33. For giving a plastic bottle for purchase you get the equivalent of 4 grosze.
34. The Chinese rarely eat yellow cheese. They think it is distasteful.
35. The average speed of fixed-line internet is 3.7 Mb / s, and the maximum is 23.1 Mb / s (data from the end of 2015).
36. You can buy a Buddha-shaped pear in China.
37. Time travel is taboo.
38. Full name of the country – People’s Republic.
39. Political system – people’s republic.
40. The premiere of the popular for CS: GO games in China took place only in 2017 (5 years after the world premiere). Interestingly, the publisher is not Valve Corporation but Perfect World.
41. The Chinese plan to create the rail of the future – HyperFlight, connecting all major cities in China. The planned speed of trains is 4000 km / h.
42. Husbands waiting for their wives shopping in shopping centers can take advantage of special videogames locations.
43. There are over 95,000 km of highways in China.
44. In this country, about 55% of production is fake, mainly CDs / DVDs, cigarettes, clothes.
45. In the Ikea furniture store in China, you can take a short nap on the show bed.
Geography in China
1. Over 700 million Chinese drink contaminated water. 90% of groundwater, and 75% of rivers are unsuitable for drinking.
2. In the Mong Kok district of Hong Kong there are 130,000 people per one square kilometer. It is the highest population density in the world.
3. China borders with such countries as: Afghanistan 76 km, Bhutan 470 km, Myanmar 2185 km, India 3 380 km, Kazakhstan 1 533 km, North Korea 1 416 km, Kyrgyzstan 858 km, Laos 423 km, Mongolia 4 677 km, Nepal 1 236 km, Pakistan 523 km, Russia 3,645 km, Tajikistan 414 km, Vietnam 1,281 km.
4. During the floods at the turn of July and August 1931 nearly 4 million people lost their lives. It is the largest reported natural disaster in the world.
5. On November 28, 1976, an earthquake destroyed the city of Tangshan. Over 600,000 people died.
6. In the tomb of the first Chinese Emperor Qin Shi, there are 7.5 thousand life-size figures of soldiers, officers and horses made of burnt clay.
7. The Great Wall of China is one of the wonders of the world, inscribed on the UNESCO list. This is the biggest tourist attraction of this country.
8. Qingdao Bridge Haiwan is the longest bridge in the world built over the water. It has 42.5 km.
9. In 1786, after a quake, a rock landslip blocked the Dadu River. Large amounts of accumulated water after 10 days broke through the landslide flooding nearby areas and killing 100,000 people.
10. The largest dam in the world is built on the Dadu River.
11. Over 30 million Chinese live in houses hollowed in the mountainsides.
12. The lowest-lying place in the country is Turpan – 154 m.p.p.
13. In Sichuan, a replica of the Titanic is created. Interestingly, it is located 1500 km from the sea and will never flow out into “wide waters”. The Chinese Titanic will be a hotel complex to be built by 2019.
14. Tian’anmen Square in Beijing is so much illuminated that you can see it from space at night.
15. In the province of Guangdong, copies of the Austrian town of Hallstatt were built for $940 000
16. In China there is the highest peak in the world Mount Everest (8848 m above sea level).
17. After the earthquake in 2015 in Nepal, the height of Mount Everest decreased by 2.5 cm.
18. The country is 31 times bigger than Poland.
19. The highest peak is Mount Everest, 8,848 m above sea level.
20. The longest river is Yangtze River, 5520 km.
21. There is 519 million square kilometers of land in China (54% of the country).
22. Wenquan is the highest located city in the country.
23. 20,500,000 km2 of the country is covered by forests (21.4%)
24. In Yunnan there is a “dwarf village”, which is inhabited by over 100 people from all over China measuring less than 130 cm.
25. Heihe-Tengchong is a conventional line dividing China into the east and west.
26. The eastern part has 43% of the territory of China and as much as 94% of the population.
27. All of China is in one time zone.
28. It is estimated that by 2025 more than 200 cities with a minimum of one million inhabitants will be built.
29. The Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia. It is over 5 520 km long and supplies half a billion people with water.
30. The Yangtze River is considered the dirtiest river in the world.
31. Over 17,000 Chinese cities do not have sewage treatment plants.
32. In the city of Benxi, factories produce so much smoke that it is not visible to satellites.
232. The nearest capital in a straight line from Beijing is Pyongyang (North Korea) – 809 km.
233. The furthest capital city in a straight line from Beijing is Buenos Aires (Argentina) – 19269 km.
Finance in China
1. The minimum wage varies from 1 270 yuan (around 774 zlotys) to 2 030 yuan (around 1237 zlotys) per month depending on the region. The hourly rate starts from 11.2 yuan (around 6.8 zlotys) to 18.5 yuan (around 11.2 zlotys). Data from 2015.
2. The amount of income tax in China is 25%.
3. In this country, the amount of income tax for individuals is 45%, and for companies 25% (2018).
4. The tax on goods and services is 16% (2018).
5. The level of inflation in 2018 is 2.1%.
6. Gross domestic product (GDP) …
– in 2015 it is $ 11 285 130 000 000 (48 300 356 400 000 PLN),
– in 2018 it is $ 12 238 000 000 000 (52 378 640 000 000 PLN).
7. Internal debt at the beginning …
– 2015 of year was 41.1% of GDP, which is about: $ 4 638 188 430 000 (PLN 19 851 446 480 400),
– 2018 year was 47 , 6% of GDP, i.e. around: $ 5 825 288 000 000 (PLN 24 932 232 640 000). To pay it back, each citizen would have to give about $ 4,240 (PLN 18,146).
8. Foreign debt at the beginning of …
– 2015 was around: $ 949 600,000,000 ,
– 2018 year is around: $ 1,843,500,000,000 .
9. The percentage share in the global Chinese economy in 2015 is 13.9% (compared to Poland’s share of 0.74%, and the United States – 23.32%).
10. China is currently the leading producer of bicycles.
11. This country has 2018 over year $3,118,000,000,000 (13,345,040,000,000) in foreign exchange reserves (30.68% of reserves currency in all countries of the world).
12. The amount of gold reserves in …
– 2015 was 1722500 kg ,
– 2018 of the year is 1843000 kg
Law in China
1. In this country the most executions in the world are carried out. Unofficially, it is reported that there are three times more than in other countries in the world taken together.
2. Built-up area allowed speed depending on the area varies from 30 to 60 km / h.
3. In addition to built-up areas, the permitted speed on the normal road ranges from 60 to 80 km / h, and on highways from 100 to 120 km / h.
4. The permissible blood alcohol content in a person driving a car is 0.2 promile.
5. In China, the death penalty court may convict a person who grossly contributed to environmental pollution.
6. Women can go to retirement at the age of 50-55 and men at the age of 60.
7. In this country, the amount of income tax for individuals is 45%, and for companies 25% (2018).
8. The tax on goods and services is 16% (2018).
9. In some prisons in China, convicts are forced to play the online game “World of Warcraft” in order to get virtual money, which is then sold for real cash.
10. The death penalty threatens even for non-payment of taxes.
11. In this country are set limits on the number of foreign films displayed. Currently, only 44 can be broadcasted per year.
12. In this country, posthumous weddings are legal.
13. While living in a city, you can have only one child.
14. Only not so long ago regulations on the prohibition of driving under the influence of alcohol were introduced.
15. In this country, women can get married at the age of 20, and men aged 22 years.
16. In the province of Nanjing in 2010, morality patrols were introduced, which ensure that young people do not kiss in public places.
17. According to the Chinese regulations, the perpetrator of a road accident is more “profitable” to kill the person who has been hit, because then the main penalty to pay is a one-off fine. In other cases, the driver bears all the costs of treating the victim.
18. In this country, a person who is 14 years old is subject to criminal liability.
19. In this country, the formalities associated with setting up a business last 35 days.
20. In 2016, a death sentence was imposed on over 1000 people.
Education in China
1. In this country, compulsory education lasts 9 years.
2. The beginning of education begins at the age of 7.
3. The average IQ level is 100.
4. The Chinese literary system consists of over 40,000 characters. Every day, about 5,000 of them are used.
5. Young people have more and more problems with writing Chinese characters manually.
6. Chinese students spend 251 days a year at school.
7. In this country there are 3.6% of people above 15 years of age who can not read or write (approximately 49 463 280 people).
Work in China
1. The minimum wage varies from 1 270 yuan (around 774 zlotys) to 2 030 yuan (around 1237 zlotys) per month depending on the region. The hourly rate starts from 11.2 yuan (around 6.8 zlotys) to 18.5 yuan (around 11.2 zlotys). Data from 2015.
2. The amount of income tax in China is 25%.
3. Women can go to retirement at the age of 50-55 and men at the age of 60.
4. The unemployment rate in 2018 is 3.8% .
5. In 2018, the average monthly salary in this country is 6 190 ¥.
6. In this country, the amount of income tax for individuals is 45%, and for companies 25% (2018).
7. In China, you can meet scoupes of cigarettes. They pay the equivalent of 2 cents per one. They are used to clean steel pipes from rust.
8. In this country, the formalities associated with setting up a business last 35 days.
9. The work week is 40 hours.
Best in China
1. In this country the most executions in the world are carried out. Unofficially, it is reported that there are three times more than in other countries in the world taken together.
2. Over 4,000 newborns received the name “Aoyun” which means “Olympic Games” in honor of the organized Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008.
3. In China, found a cake from 4,000 years ago reminiscent of today’s pasta. It means that the Italians did not invent it.
4. In the Mong Kok district of Hong Kong there are 130,000 people per one square kilometer. It is the highest population density in the world.
5. In Beijing in 2010, a gigantic cork was created with a length of about 95 km. Cars stood there for 11 days. It was caused by road works.
6. Chengdu has the largest building in the world – New Century Global Center with an area of 1 700 000 m2. The construction lasted only 3 years.
7. The highest building in China is Shanghai Tower in Shanghai, 632 meters high (128 floors). It was built in 2015.
8. The most expensive telephone number is 8888 8888. It was sold for +300 000$.
9. The highest Chinese Bao Xishun is 236 cm tall.
10. The Great Wall of China is one of the wonders of the world, inscribed on the UNESCO list. This is the biggest tourist attraction of this country.
11. Qingdao Bridge Haiwan is the longest bridge in the world built over the water. It has 42.5 km.
12. The most popular Chinese name is “Wang”, which means “king” (93 million people). In the second place is the name Li – 92 million people and the third is Zhang – 88 000
13. The largest dam in the world is built on the Dadu River.
14. In July 2016, the largest radio telescope in the world was completed in the Kuejczou province. The diameter of its bowl is 500 m.
15. The largest building in China is in the city of Chengdu. Its height is 100 m, length 500 m and width 400 m.
16. In Beijing there is the largest McDonald’s, which can accommodate 700 people.
17. In 2013, scientists based on the analysis of thousands of photos determined that the most common face in the world is the face of a 28-year-old Chinese.
18. Chinese multimillionaire Zhang Gengyun in 2011 bought a Tibetan mastiff dog for a huge sum of 1.5 million dollars.
19. The lowest-lying place in the country is Turpan – 154 m.p.p.
20. Between the cities of Xining and Lhasa, there is the highest railway line in the world. It was built 5072 m above sea level.
21. In western China, in one of the ancient graves, the oldest trousers in the world were found, the age of which is estimated at around 3,300 years.
22. The largest airport in China is in Beijing. Annually over 86 million people use it.
23. The fastest train in China is the Siemens Velaro, which can travel at speeds up to 300 km / h (maximum speed 487.3 km / h).
24. The longest metro line in China is located in Shanghai and has a length of 588 km (364 stations).
25. From the bridge over the Yangtze River near the city of Nanjing, more than 2,000 suicides jumped over 40 years.
26. The most deadly disease in this country is liver cancer.
27. In China there is the highest peak in the world Mount Everest (8848 m above sea level).
28. In the city of Nankin there is the world’s largest Bible printing house. Over one million copies are produced there every month.
29. In China, you can find an old “baby” – Fiat 126p. At the beginning of the 80s it was one of the first, very popular imported car.
30. On the Three Gorges Dam is the largest hydroelectric plant in the world. It generates as much electricity during the year as all power plants in Poland within 7 months.
31. The highest peak is Mount Everest, 8,848 m above sea level.
32. The longest river is Yangtze River, 5520 km.
33. Wenquan is the highest located city in the country.
34. In Yunnan there is a “dwarf village”, which is inhabited by over 100 people from all over China measuring less than 130 cm.
35. China has the oldest calendar in the world – lunar from 2600 BC.
36. They have the world’s largest mushroom farms (60% of all species on earth). In 1996 they produced 600,000 tons.
37. China is currently the leading producer of bicycles.
38. There are on average 250 protests per day.
39. One of the most popular hobbies is collecting postage stamps.
40. The lowest temperature: -52,3 °C was measured in Mohe County.
41. The highest temperature: 50.3 °C was measured at Ayding Lake.
42. The Chinese consume a total of about 50 billion chopsticks a year.
43. The Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia. It is over 5 520 km long and supplies half a billion people with water.
44. The Yangtze River is considered the dirtiest river in the world.
Army in China
1. The soldiers, in order to acquire the habit of keeping their heads perfectly straight, have pins in their uniforms.
2. Position in the list of the best armies of the world:
– 2015 year – 3 place,
– 2018 > year – 3 place.
3. There are over 2 440 500 professional soldiers and 2185000 reservists (2018).
4. Number of equipment:
– 2014 year – 9100 tanks, 4700 > armored vehicles, 2700 jet aircraft and 850 helicopters,
– 2018 year – 9720 tanks, 13350 armored vehicles, 3870 jet aircraft and 1327 helicopters.
5. Army expenditure:
– 2014 year – $ 126,000,000,000 (PLN 539 280,000,000),
– 2018 year – $ 161,725,000,000 (PLN 692,183,000,000).
6. The naval fleet …
– in 2014 there were about 32 ships, in 2018 it was about < strong style = "color: green;"> 29 ships.
7. China has 240 nuclear warheads.
Society in China
1. 213 Chinese people have accumulated assets greater than a billion US dollars.
2. Over 700 million Chinese drink contaminated water. 90% of groundwater, and 75% of rivers are unsuitable for drinking.
3. Over 200 million Chinese live in poverty for less than $1 a day.
4. Over 4,000 newborns received the name “Aoyun” which means “Olympic Games” in honor of the organized Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008.
5. In China, an average person consumes about 6.7 liters of pure alcohol per year.
6. The most drinks are spirit – 70%, then beer – 27%, and wine – 3%.
7. In 2013, 62 945 people lost their lives as a result of road accidents.
8. One of the delicacies of Chinese people are cats. They eat over 3 million a year.
9. Annually about one million unborn girls fall victim to abortion.
10. Women can go to retirement at the age of 50-55 and men at the age of 60.
11. 10% of the population suffer from malnourishment (about 137,400,000 people).
12. 27% of the population live on less than 3 $a day.
13. The average IQ level is 100.
14. About as many people as citizens have Poland, he lives in caves in China.
15. In 2015, 4% of fatal accidents were caused by people driving under the influence of alcohol.
16. Over 60 million Chinese run their blog.
17. There are currently 32 million more boys out there than girls.
18. Over 90% of adult guys are smoking. A woman is hard to meet with a cigarette.
19. 70% of adults wear glasses.
20. The names ‘Van’ and ‘Lie’ account for 20% of the population.
21. On average, a woman gives birth to 1.6 children.
22. In this country over 674,000,000 (2015) 772 000 000 (2018) people have access to internet (around 56% of the population).
23. Around 1,900,000 (2015) 1 800 000 (2018) accounts on Facebook.
24. The population density is 140.4 people / km2.
25. The main religion is Chinese religions, 32.2%.
27. 12 Chinese citizens received the Nobel Prize.
28. In China, according to statistics, an average of one person reads 69 minutes a day. This is the third result in the world.
29. The average age people living in this country is 36.8 years old.
30. In this country there are about:
– 234 860 000 people (17.08%) in the age range 0-14 years.
– 1 002 556 000 people (72.91%) in the age range 15-64 years.
– 137 643 500 people (10.01%) over 65 years old.
31. In this country, about 17 174 000 children are born annually (1.2% of the population), and about 10 350 000 people die (0.8% of the population).
32. China is one of the five countries in the world where women commit more suicide than men. The other countries are: Bangladesh, Pakistan, Iraq and Indonesia.
33. 49 people out of 1000 possess firearms.
34. Every fifth man on earth lives in China.
35. There are on average 250 protests per day.
36. In this country, an average adult person smokes 143 cigarettes a month.
37. The average life expectancy in this country is 72.7 years (women – 74.5 years and men – 71.1 years).
Symbols of China
1. The national alcohol is moutai.
2. The national tree is Ginkgo (Ginkgo).
3. The national animal is a panda.
4. The national fruit is kiwi.
5. Pandas are a symbol of strength and courage.
6. White color is a symbol of mourning.
7. The national fruit of China is kiwi, often called Chinese gooseberry.
Customs in China
1. In China, live tadpoles were swallowed as a contraceptive.
2. Chinese children do not go in diapers, only in clothes with a hole cut through which they handle their physiological needs.
3. According to legends, disobedient people were alive embedded in the Great Wall of China.
4. The bride dresses according to tradition in red.
5. White color is a symbol of mourning.
6. The red color symbolizes happiness.
7. Traditionally, mother-in-law deals with a young mother and child after childbirth.
8. According to the old tradition, during the solar eclipse, everyone makes the greatest noise to scare the great dragon that eats the sun.
9. Good luck cookies are a traditional Chinese custom invented in the 1920s.
10. The number 9999 symbolizes happiness and longevity.
8. The most important holiday in China is Chinese New Year or Lunar New Year. The Chinese believe that every person becomes one year older than the New Year, so this day is for each “birthday”.
Sport in China
1. All Olympic ping-pong champions come from China.
2. The football team of China up to the age of 20 is playing the match in the fourth German league. This is a form of preparation for the IO in 2020.
3. The most popular sport is ping-pong.
4. Many historians believe that football originated in China around 1000 years BC.
5. Ping-pong is one of the most popular games in China.
History of China
1. Over 2,000 years ago, this country made ice cream from frozen rice mixed with milk.
2. In China, found a cake from 4,000 years ago reminiscent of today’s pasta. It means that the Italians did not invent it.
3. Left-hand traffic was in force until 1946.
4. Until 2014, it was not possible to buy or have foreign game consoles in China.
5. In this country, fossils of flying mammals from over 160 million years have been discovered.
6. Wu Zetian was the only empress in Chinese history. It reigned from 690 to 705.
7. During the floods at the turn of July and August 1931 nearly 4 million people lost their lives. It is the largest reported natural disaster in the world.
8. On November 28, 1976, an earthquake destroyed the city of Tangshan. Over 600,000 people died.
9. On November 1, 1948, an ammunition explosion occurred aboard the merchant ship. which led to the death of over 6,000 people.
10. In 1786, after a quake, a rock landslip blocked the Dadu River. Large amounts of accumulated water after 10 days broke through the landslide flooding nearby areas and killing 100,000 people.
11. In this country, until 1997, the intention of killing a panda was punishable by death.
12. Black tea was grown in China already 5,000 years ago.
13. In western China, in one of the ancient graves, the oldest trousers in the world were found, the age of which is estimated at around 3,300 years.
14. In the Beijing bunkers of which over 10,000 were created during the Cold War, there are now a million students and working migrants.
15. In the second century AD, the Chinese discovered that blood flows all over the body and is pumped through the heart. In Europe, it was discovered only in the 17th century.
16. It was only at the end of the 1970s that foreign tourists began to visit the country.
17. On October 1, 1949, the People’s Republic of China was established.
18. Sunglasses were invented in China in the twelfth century.
19. In this country, women have the right to vote since 1947.
20. The country joined the UN on October 24, 1945.
21. Seven of the 10 bloodiest wars of all time were fought in China.
22. China has the oldest calendar in the world – lunar from 2600 BC.
23. Paper, gunpowder, compass and printing were invented in China.
24. Many historians believe that football originated in China around 1000 years BC.
25. Toilet paper was invented in China in 1300. Only the Emperor could afford this luxury.
26. According to a popular legend, tea was discovered by the Chinese Emperor Shennong in 2737 BC. when the tea leaf fell by accident into his bowl of boiling water.
27. The Chinese have discovered Australia over 2,000 years before the Europeans.
Language in China
1. The Chinese literary system consists of over 40,000 characters. Every day, about 5,000 of them are used.
2. Young people have more and more problems with writing Chinese characters manually.
Answers
What is the highest peak in China?
The highest peak in China is Mount Everest (8848 m above sea level).
answer: Marta
What is the largest river in China?
The Yangtze River is the largest river in China, 5,520 km.
answer: Marta
Which China has national colors?
National colors: red and gold.
answer: Marta
What is national alcohol?
The national alcohol is moutai.
answer: Marta
What is the national animal?
The national animal is a panda.
answer: Marta
What is the national sport?
Table tennis is a national sport.
answer: Marta
Which countries borders China?
China borders on such countries as: Afghanistan 76 km, Bhutan 470 km, Myanmar 2185 km, India 3,380 km, Kazakhstan 1,533 km, North Korea 1,416 km, Kyrgyzstan 858 km, Laos 423 km, Mongolia 4,677 km, Nepal 1 236 km, Pakistan 523 km, Russia 3 645 km, Tajikistan 414 km, Vietnam 1 281 km.
answer: Marta
What is the average age of people living in this country?
The average age people living in this country is 36.8 years.
answer: Marta
What is the minimum wage?
The minimum wage varies from 1 270 yuan (around 774 zlotys) to 2 030 yuan (around 1237 zlotys) per month depending on the region. The hourly rate starts from 11.2 yuan (around 6.8 zlotys) to 18.5 yuan (around 11.2 zlotys). Data from 2015.
answer: Marta
What is the population density in China?
The population density is 143 people per km2.
answer: Marta
What is the highest temperature recorded in this country?
The highest temperature: 50.3 ° C was measured at Ayding Lake.
answer: Marta
What is the lowest temperature recorded in this country?
The lowest temperature: -52,3 ° C was measured in Mohe County.
answer: Marta
With how many years can you legally buy alcohol?
In this country, alcohol can be bought at the age of 18.
answer: Marta
